The series captures the most fashionable, dynamic and international spa towns among the many hundreds that contributed to the European spa phenomenon. Those ideas influenced the popularity and development of spa towns and balneology throughout Europe and in other parts of the world. These parameters directly influenced the spatial layout of spa towns and the form and function of spa buildings or ‘spa architecture’. IntegrityThe eleven component parts that comprise the serial property represent the most exceptional examples of European spa towns. The series illustrates the main stages of the development of the spa phenomenon, starting with the most influential spa towns in the 18th century, to the development of model spa towns in the 19th century, to towns that are testimony to the last stages of the phenomenon in the early 20th century.