Brief synthesisRoșia Montană Mining Landscape contains the most significant, extensive and technically diverse underground Roman gold mining complex currently known in the world, dating from the Roman occupation of Dacia (106-271 CE). Criterion (iii): Roșia Montană Mining Landscape embodies the cultural traditions of one of the oldest documented mining communities in Europe, anciently founded by the Romans, as manifested in extant underground mining works, chronologically differentiated by distinctive technical features; and a socio‐technical mining landscape consisting of ore‐processing areas, habitation areas, sacred places and necropoli. Criterion (iv): Roșia Montană Mining Landscape illustrates the strategic control and vigorous development of precious metals’ mining by the Roman Empire, essential for its longevity and military power. Protection and management requirementsRoșia Montană Mining Landscape is legally protected in accordance with Romanian law as a World Heritage property. There is clearly a need for the development of a General Urban Plan (Plan Urbanistic General) and a Zonal Urban Plan (Plan Urbanistic Zonal) to restrict approvals for mining permits.